Romanticism

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Data:	11.02.2007
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WILLIAM BLAKE (1757-1827)
- VERY LITTLE SCHOOLING EXCEPT ART AND LITERATURE. VISIONS AS A SOURCE OF INSPIRATION;
- WORKS: SONGS OF INNOCENCE AND SONGS OF EXPERIENCE – RAPRESENTING 2 ASPECTS OF LIFE, MAN’S STATE OF MIND, CHILDHOOD TO MATURITY
- FEATURES: EMOTIONAL APPROACH TO POETRY; MAN IN NATURE – MAN’S MIND ACCORDING TO NATURE; POET AS A PROPHET; BLAKE WAS INTERESTED IN SOCIETY; SPIRIT OVER THE BODY, INFINITE OVER WORLD’S LIMITS; MANY ALLEGORIES, DIFFICULT INTERPRETATIONS.
- THEMES: IMPORTANCE OF SPIRIT, FREEDOM, JUSTICE, DEMONACY AS MILTON AND DANTE; IMPORTANCE OF IMAGINATION; SYMBOLISM; POET-PROPHET.

WILLIAM WORDSWORTH (1770-1850)
- LAKE DISTRICT, FRENCH EXPERIENCE, PERIOD WITH COLERIDGE 1797-1807
- LYRICAL BALLADS, PRELUDE (BIOG), POEMS IN 2 VOLUMES, THE EXCURSION
- LYRICAL BALLADS – 1798: ROMANTIC, REF TO MIDDLE AGES; REALISM; POETRY IS THE REFLECTION OF EMOTIONS RECOLLETED IN TRANQUILLITY; THE POET HAS THE GIFT OF IMAGINATION, HE CAN GET THE ESSENCE OF THING AND COMMUNICATE THEM TO MAN WITH A MORAL MESSAGE, AS A TEACHER – POWER OF EMOTIONS.
- THEMES: HUMBLE AND RUSTIC LIFE; SIMPLE PEOPLE, THE COUNTRYSIDE; ELEMENTARY FEELINGS; IMPORTANCE OF IMAGINATION WHICH COLOURS LIFE; IMPORTANCE OF SIMPLE OBJECTS AND PACEFUL LANDSCAPES AND MEMORY.
- LENGUAGE: SIMPLE, USED BY COMMON PEOPLE.

SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE (1772-1834)
- LEARNED MAN, WITH WORDSWORTH, OPIUM ADDICTED
- CHRISTABEL, KUBLA KHAN, THE RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER, TO W.W., BIOGRAPHIA LITERARIA, LECTURES ON SHAKESPEARE:
- THEMES AND FEATURES: BALLAD STRUCTURE AND THEMES, MEDIEVAL SETTING, MYSTERY ANND SUPERNATURAL, NATURE, EXOTICISM;
- PRIMARY IMAGINATION: FACULTY BY WHICH WE PERCEIVE THE WORLD
SECONDARY IMAGINATION: DISSOLVES, DIFFUSES, DISSIPATES IN ORDER TO RECREATE.
- TROTAM – INTERPRETATIONS. PARABLE OF MAN IN A RELIGIOUS AND MORAL WAY – EXPIATION; PSICOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE GUILT SENSE, CONTRAST BETWEEN RATIONAL AND IRRATIONAL, ALLEGORY OF LIFE;
- IMAGINATION FOR WW COLURS LIFE, FOR STC CREATES A NEW REALITY.
- KUBLA KHAN: MANIFESTO OF POETIC MIND; SUSPENSION OF THE DISBELIEF FOR THE MOMENT.

GEORGE GORDON, LORD BYRON (1788-1824)
- IMPORTANCE OF EREDITY, NOBILITY, TRAVELLED A LOT
- HOURS OF IDLENESS, LARA (ORIENTAL TALES), PRISONER OF CHILLON; CHILDE HAROLDS PILGRIMAGE (AUTOBIOG, 4 BOOKS, TRAVEL, ROMANTIC B), DON JUAN (16 CANTOS, SATIRICAL POEM, TRAVEL, MOCH-HEROIC)
- FEATURES AND THEMES:
- ROMANTIC : LIFE (ACTIVE, ADVENTUROUS), REBELLION, TITANISM, SATANISM, MELANCHOLY, NATIONALISM, NATURE, GHOTICISM AND EXOTICISM, BYRONIC HERO AS A REFLECTION OF HIMSELF.
- NON ROMANTIC: CRITICISM OF SOCIETY, DEFLATION OF ROMANTIC IDEALS, SENSE OF FUN, IRONIC DISTRUST OF EMOTIONS, MOCH-HEROIC ATTITUDE, TRUE REALISM, MAN IN SOCIETY, SATIRICAL COUPLETS, LUCID WRITING.

PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY (1792-1822)
- INTOLERANT OF AUTHORITY, SENSITIVEE, IMAGINATION; OXFORD – NECESSITY OF ATHEISM, MMARRIAGE FAILED, 2 MARRIAGE WITH MAY GODWIN, TRAVELLED IN EUROPE – VERY RICH
- NECESSITY OF ATHEISM, DEFENCE OF POETRY; CENCI, PROMOTHEUS UNBOUND; QUEEN MAB, REVOLT OF ISLAM, EPIPSICHIDION; HIMN TO INTELLECTUAL BEAUTY, OZYMANDIAS, ODE TO THE WEST WIND.
- VIEW OF POETRY: PROGRESS OF HUMAN MIND, SOURCE OF CIVILIZATION, SACRED, IMPROVE SOCIETY, SOMETHING DEVINE DERIVING FROM AN HUMAN GIFT. POET HAS THE ROLE TO MODIFY AND IMPROVE.
- FEATURES AND THEMES: FRENCH REVOLUTION IDEALS – REBELLION AGAINST OPPRESSION, LOVE FOR REFORMS; COMPLEX PERSONALITY – CONTRADDICTIONS (POLITICALLY AGGRESSIVE-LYRICISM, RATIONALISM/IDEALISM, LOVE FOR ENGLAND-ATTENCTION ON OTHER COUNTRIES, REBELLION AGAINST SOCIETY-LOVE FOR HUMANKIND); CONDAMNATION OF SELFISHNESS AND SUPERSTITIONS IN INSTITUTIONS AND CHURCH; LOVE AS THE PRINCIPLE OF ALL ACTIONS, FREEDOM ACCORDING TO HUMAN NEEDS; PLATONIC IDEALISM (BEAUTY, JUSTICE, TRUTH, LOVE, SPIRIT AS ONLY REALITY – ODE TO THE WEST WIND – NATURE WITH A SOUL); IDEA OF GOOD – MAN CAN REACH PERFECTION, CONDAMNATION OF ALL DOGMAS, RELIGION MAKES SLAVES IN HUMANITY; PANTHEISM – UNIVERSAL SPIRITUAL FORCE; NATURE AS A SOURCE OF JOY AND HAPPYNESS, SPIRITUAL FORCE – IMMEDIATE INSPIRATION; ECSTASY WAS THE PRODUCT OF IMMEDIATE PERCEPTION, PASSING OF TIME.
- STYLE: METAPHORES, SIMILIES, FIGURATIVE LENGUAGE, POETICAL IMAGES, MUSICALITY.

JOHN KEATS (1795-1821)
- TRAGIC EXISTANCE
- STYLE: EXAMPLE OF PERFECTION – COMBINATION OF MELODIC POETRY AND HIGH MASTERY IN THE USE OF LENGUAGE.
- SOURCES: CLASSICAL ART –GREEK, MEDIEVAL ART, NATURE (BY IMAGINATION), BEST POET OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.
- FEATURES AND THEMES: AGAINST EVERY FORM OF RATIONALISM (SEEN AS A LIMITATION), REVOLUTIONARY ROMANTICISM, POET WAS TO BE DEVOTED JUST TO THE SEARCH OF BEAUY = MITHOLOGY + CLASSICISMC + NATURE + IMAGINATION. TYPICAL THEMES OF ROMANTICISM; ORIGINALITY IN 2 VIEWS OF BEAUTY (EXTERNAL AND SPIRITUAL-ETERNAL); POETRY SEEN AS A SOLACE, ONLY REASON OF LIFE; NO ONLY POSITIVE FEELINGS: MISTERY, DUOBTS; OBJECTIVITY IN THE POEM.
- WORKS: ENDYMION, THE EVE OF S.AGNES, LA BELLE DAME SANS MERCY, ODE ON A GRECIAN URN.