Transportation and insurance

Materie:	Appunti
Categoria:	Inglese
Voto:	2 (2)
Download:	149
Data:	14.06.2007
Numero di pagine:	3
Formato di file:	.doc (Microsoft Word)

choice of transportation depends on
 cost involved
 urgency of order
 speed and security
 types of goods
 distance involved
ROAD TRANSPORT
motorbike in city
small carrier in small area
TIR (Transport International Routier) in international trade
PROS
 fairy cheap and fast over short distance
 can deliver door-to-door
 no subjects to fixed timetable
 routes can be changed at short notice
CONS
 slower over long distance
 limited weight
 road traffics, strikes and bad weather can cause delay
 risk of road accidents
SEA TRANSPORT
TYPES OF VESSEL
ro-ro ferries (roll-on roll-off):
 lorries of all kinds can drive on to the ship and off again the other side
 is quick and efficient
bulk carriers
 are built to carry particular types of bulk cargoes
 refrigerator plants can keep perishable food fresh for long time
liners
 sail at regular times on fixed routes
 have for cargo shipment term of a charter party
tramp ship
 have no set times rotes
 can find suitable cargoes
container ship
 are built to carry containers
PROS
 suitable for bulk goods
 cheaper than air transport
 can cover long distance
CONS
 slower than air transport
 needs other forms of transport to and from the port of destination
 subject to whether conditions and timetables
 risk of accidents can have effect on environment
AIR TRANSPORT
most recent means of transport
a shipper can charter a whole aircraft for the transport of his goods with an air charter party
PROS
 fast over long distance
 suitable for urgently-required, perishable goods
CONS
 expensive
 suffers from delays
 needs other forms of transport to and from the airport
CONTAINERISATION
large steel boxes of an internationally agreed size, which are transported as a sealed unit
goods can be packed into them efficiently and then the whole container is transported as a single items
FORWARDING AGENTS
are expert in the transportation of goods
are employed by companies to organize stages of freight shipment
arrange for goods to be packaged, stored and transported
take on responsibility for arranging all of necessary documentation associated with international transport
can also arrange insurance of goods and deal with situation where goods are damage or lost in transit
are responsible for dealing with the formalities of international customs

TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS
accompany the transport of goods from one country to another country
serve as both a receipt for the consignment of goods and a contract of carriage between the sender and the carrier
are kept a copy by consignee, consignor and carrier
INTERNATIONAL ROAD CONSIGNMENT
is filled in by carrier of road consignment of goods
contains
 name and addresses of consignee, consignor and carrier
 description of goods
 date and place of departure
 carriage charges
RAILWAY CONSIGNMENT NOTE
stating that goods have been entrusted to the rail authorised
is issued at a local railway station
contains:
 name and addresses of consignee, consignor and both station
 description of cargo
 carriage charges
BILL OF LADING
is contract between an exporter and a shipping company
contains
 details about shipment
 parties involved
cover see transport
a combined b/l includes road transport
serves as
 document declaring who is the legal owner of the goods
 receipt for he goods, confirming that they have been loaded and also what condition they are in
types
 clean when the carrier states that the goods were receive in good condition
 foul when the carrier states that the goods were not receive in good condition
AIR WAYBILL
is a consignment note for goods transported by air

protects people and companies against accident, risks or losses
insurer (insurance company) and the insured (who requires insurance) sign a contract called insurance policy which is a document specifying the precise terms on which an insurance cover has been provided, including the level of financial compensation (indemnity) that will be paid
company pays a sum called premium
in the event of loss company makes a claim and will be reimbursed
Commercial Theory 6 ( Transportation And Insurance