james joyce

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JAMES JOYCE
“EVELINE”

James Joyce was born in Dublin in 1882. His works were considered revolutionary in comparison to the canons of traditional novel. Joyce, like other writers of that time, followed the concept of “duree” of the philosopher Henry Bergson. This concept affirmed that at the chronological time there was beside the time of human consciousness, which not necessarily coincided with chronological one. Moreover these writers gave less importance to the action and more importance to psychology of the characters. But the three major characteristics of the work of James Joyce are the stream of consciousness technique, the interior monologue and epiphanies.
• The stream of consciousness is a free association of thought, impressions, memories which suddenly breaks into the mind of the protagonists stimulated by a perfume, a color, music or a banal gesture.
• The interior monologue is the expression of thoughts of characters, usually expressed by the character himself.
• The epiphany is a psychological revelation suddenly manifestating itself in an unexpected way, like a gesture, an object or a banal situation.
One of the most important works of James Joyce is “Dubliners”, a collection of fifteen short stories about life in Dublin. In this work the stories are divided into four groups: childhood, adolescence, maturity and public life. “Eveline” belongs to adolescence and is one of the most evident examples of paralysis. The paralysis is the key-theme and it is the impossibility from acting, taking decisions and living. The cause of paralysis is very often the family, which prevents its members from acting. The secondary major key-theme is the escape. It is the opposite of paralysis and originates from an impulse activated by sense of enclosure that many characters experience. A claustrophobic element is present whether in the description of Irish rooms and houses or in the description of Irish family, which tends to imprison its members. In Eveline the key-elements are: marriage, that is a social necessity both men and women, but it is not a guarantee of happiness; and music, because it activates a psychological process ending in an epiphany. in the story there are symbols, like the sea, that is the way to a future of salvation and the symbol of danger of unknown; and the names, in fact frank’s name alludes to the nature of sailor and to his attitude to Eveline.

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